To quote the words of Swami Vivekananda, ‘Everything can be sacrificed for truth; but truth cannot be sacrificed for anything.’ Forensic science and law are intertwined with each other and complement each other. There are innumerous advanced technologies of forensic sciences which aid and assist in the evidence finding and fact finding procedures in the cases of both traditional (robbery, rape & murder) and white collar crimes (scams, corruption, money laundering and terrorism).
The new methodologies which have helped to unearth the highly synchronized plots and conspiracies are forensic accounting (in case of cyber frauds), Forensic aerial photography (the interpretation of aerial photographic evidence in the cases of environment, Computational Forensics(in cases to assist forensic examination), Criminalistics (to detect and to answer to the questions relating to the fingerprints, footwear impressions and tire tracks), Forensic Ballistics (Firearms section), Digital Forensics, Odontology (relating to the identification of dental science to the identification of unknown human remains and bite marks), Pathology (in identifying the reasons of persons death), Physical anthropology (to identify which persons have died in the casual calamities like fires, blasts & crashes, Psychiatry & Behavioral Science ( in many cases where the mental illness or soundness has to be judged especially in cases of domestic and family disputes), Toxicology ( also called the medical jurisprudence), DNA Profiling, Forensic Polygraph, Cyber Forensics, Cyber Crime, Cyber Security and Cyber Law services and Forensic chemistry.
So it is very evident that forensic sciences provide plethora of its varieties to be used in the given legal case. It is very important that in order to start with the criminal proceedings, the criminal is identified. There are a series of steps which are adhered to be the police and the IO and these scientific methods help to identify and punish the criminal as readily as possible.
In spite of the fact that forensic science has been a great tool aiding the criminal justice delivery system there were a set of precautions and a few changes required in order to make the effective use of the given medical jurisprudence and sciences. There was a lack of work culture in the Courts for the application and optimum utilization of the forensic sciences. In this regard the reference to the report submitted by the Malimath Committee is essential to be made. It suggested changes in the few of the sections of the Criminal Procedure Code in order to incorporate and give shape to the forensic sciences. It proposed for the formulation of the specific guidelines and law for setting uniform standards for the Police Officials to follow while obtaining genetic information and to provide for adequate safeguards to eradicate and obliterate any misuse or tampering of the same. The committee suggested for the creation of DNA database to curb and fight against terrorism. The Malimath Committee also suggested for the enhancement of the infrastructural standards such as the establishment of well equipped laboratories to deal with the DNA samples.
Today, in the present day scenario most of the suggestions submitted by the Malimath Committee have been incorporated with slight modifications. The mechanisms of the Courts have been digitalized, the fingerprints and the biometric identifications are being recorded and uploaded in almost every Thana.
It can be well stated that the forensic sciences is the scientifically advanced discipline for the impartation of criminal justice delivery system and it contributes to the speedy justice delivery system and because of the presence of sophisticated and hi-tech forensic advancement and studies the justice imparting system has become more reliable and dynamic in nature.
